456 Ergebnisse
Ein reines Monopol (Mono - griech. monos = „allein“, „einzig“; Pol - polein = „verkaufen“) liegt immer dann vor, wenn viele Nachfrager (z.B. private Haushalte) genau nur einen einzigen Anbieter (z.B. Unternehmen) eines bestimmten Gutes bzw. einer bestimmten Leistung zur Auswahl haben, ohne Wahl auf ein Substitut (Ersetzung des Gutes bzw. der Leistung mit einer anderen).
In diesem Vortrag in ökonomischer Philosophie stellt Dr in Silja Graupe Lehrende und Mitbegründerin der Cusanus Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung eine neue Form der Erkenntnisgewinnung im Bereich ökonomischer Entscheidungen vor Als Gegenströmung zur Verhaltensökonomik oder zu rationaler Nutzenmaximierung werden Gemeinsinn Imagination und Pluralität in der Ökonomie verankert Dr Silja Graupe Digitale …
Ein gutes Verständnis der Mikroökonomie ist für Entscheidungen im Management und für das Verständnis der Funktionsweise einer modernen Volkswirtschaft von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Die evolutorische Ökonomik ist weltweit das dynamischste Forschungsfeld der Wirtschaftswissenschaft und verändert die Grundlagen des Fachs in fast allen Bereichen. Motor ist die Einsicht, daß die herkömmlichen ökonomischen Methoden mit dem zentralen Phänomen der modernen Wirtschaft, dem kontinuierlichen Wandel, eher schlecht als recht umgehen können.
Warum bleibt die Vielfalt des wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Meinungsspektrums in der medialen Berichterstattung weitgehend unberücksichtigt? Warum kommen immer dieselben (oft fachlich orthodoxen) Stimmen zu Wort? Die Selektionslogik des Medienmarkts und der so genannte Nachrichtenwert tragen maßgeblich dazu bei. Ein Beitrag von Francis Rohr.
Warum sind wi beim Anblick eines köstlichen Desserts sofort bereit, unser eisernes Diätgelübde zu brechen? Wieso glauben wir, dass teure Medikamente besser wirken als preiswerte? Und weshalb tun wir uns oft so schwer, uns überhaupt zu entscheiden?
Hegemonie Identität und Emanzipation Sexismus Rassismus und Kapitalismus als über Identitäten verwoben zu verstehen das ist der Ansatz des Buches Der homo oeconomicus und das Andere Das Subjekt der Wirtschaftstheorie wird als Ausdruck einer Gouvernementalität begriffen welche sich zwischen verschiedenen Herrschaftsverhältnissen herausgebildet hat und welche Verhaltensmuster vorschreibt die einige Identitäten …
What influence do changes in tax policy or state decisions on expenditure have on economic growth? For decades, this question has been controversially debated.
This essay draws on several analyses on the gender impact of the recession and of austerity policies, in which authors acknowledge a threat to women’s labour market integration and a potential backlash to traditional gender labour structures. We contribute to that literature by asking whether recession and austerity convey a gender effect on educational attainment. Our aim in this essay is to portray the likely effects of austerity measures on gender equality with a focus on women’s participation in tertiary education and to hypothesize the implications of these scenarios for labour market effects, to be tested in future empirical research.
Here we look at the effect of the 2008 Climate Change Act passed in Parliament in the United Kingdom as an effort to curb emissions in all sectors. The Act aside from setting goals to become a low-carbon economy sets up an independent committee on Climate Change to ensure the implementation of policies to comply with the ultimate goal of 80% reduction in total emissions in 2050. I make use of the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to create a comparative case study in which the creation of a synthetic UK serves as a counterfactual where the treatment never occurred (Cunningham, 2018).
The Great Recession 2.0 is unfolding before our very eyes. It is still in its early phase. But dynamics have been set in motion that are not easily stopped, or even slowed. If the virus effect were resolved by early summer—as some politicians wishfully believe—the economic dynamics set in motion would still continue. The US and global economies have been seriously ‘wounded’ and will not recover easily or soon. Those who believe it will be a ‘V-shape’ recovery are deluding themselves. Economists among them should know better but are among the most confused. They only need to look at historical parallels to convince themselves otherwise.
Will man umsichtige Daseinsvorsorge betreiben und die Bereitstellung von lebensnotwendigen Gütern und Dienstleistungen erreichen, ist ökonomische Effizienz schlichtweg der falsche Weg. Dabei begegnet uns dieser Widerspruch von Vorsorge und Effizienz im Gesundheitssektor nicht nur in der jüngsten Versorgungskrise mit Medikamenten, sondern dieser Gegensatz zeigte sich nicht zuletzt auch während der Pandemie auf dramatische Weise. Ein Beitrag von Manuel Schulz.
The principle of effective demand, and the claim of its validity for a monetary production economy in the short and in the long run, is the core of heterodox macroeconomics, as currently found in all the different strands of post-Keynesian economics (Fundamentalists, Kaleckians, Sraffians, Kaldorians, Institutionalists) and also in some strands of neo-Marxian economics, particularly in the monopoly capitalism and underconsumptionist school In this contribution, we will therefore outline the foundations of the principle of effective demand and its relationship with the respective notion of a capitalist or a monetary production economy in the works of Marx, Kalecki and Keynes. Then we will deal with heterodox short-run macroeconomics and it will provide a simple short-run model which is built on the principle of effective demand, as well as on distribution conflict between different social groups (or classes): rentiers, managers and workers. Finally, we will move to the long run and we will review the integration of the principle of effective demand into heterodox/post-Keynesian approaches towards distribution and growth.
The notion that the demand and supply side are independent is a key feature of textbook undergraduate economics and of modern macroeconomic models. Economic output is thought to be constrained by the productive capabilities of the economy - the ‘supply-side' - through technology, demographics and capital investment. In the short run a boost in demand may increase GDP and employment due to frictions such as sticky wages, but over the long-term successive rises in demand without corresponding improvements on the supply side can only create inflation as the economy reaches capacity. In this post I will explore the alternative idea of demand-led growth, where an increase in demand can translate into long-run supply side gains. This theory is most commonly associated with post-Keynesian economics, though it has been increasingly recognised in the mainstream literature.
The Economics and Geopolitics of Russia Selling Yuan and Gold Reserves
It is important for students to understand the workings of international and public finance and that the goal of governments and politicians is not always economic efficiency when making financial decisions. Normative goals other than efficiency can motivate economic decisions. A good economist is able to recognise, clearly name and take into account the values and goals behind economic behaviour, when making sense of the world.
Due to the economic crisis of 2008/2009, households faced drastic decreases in their incomes, the availability of jobs. Additionally, the structure of the labour market changed, while austerity measures and public spending cuts left households with less support and safeguards provided by the state. How have these developments affected the burden of unpaid labour and what influence did this have on gender relations?
This article explores if power dynamics in the household can be changed, and if so, how. In this context the focus is laid on government childcare policy and its various channels of possible influence.
Der Klimawandel – beziehungsweise die Emission von Treibhausgasen – hat gegenläufige Effekte auf die gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt. Einerseits emittieren wir Treibhausgase, um Wohlfahrt stiftende Aktivitäten auszuüben (Mobilität, Ernährung, Wärmeerzeugung etc.). Andererseits verändert die zunehmende THG- Konzentration klimatische Systeme, wodurch die Wohlfahrt der in der Zukunft lebenden Menschen beeinträchtigt wird. Klimaökonom*innen gehen der Herausforderung nach, die beiden Effekte zu quantifizieren und zu bestimmen, wie viele Treibhausgase zu welchem Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft emittiert werden sollten, damit die gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt über mehrere Generationen hinweg maximiert wird.
In this essay the author reviews empirical studies in economics that analyze factors behind the rise of nationalist and populist parties in Western countries. He stresses that economic factors (e.g., trade shocks and economic crisis) play a crucial role in the rise of populist parties; however, the discussion of mechanisms driving this trend remains unsatisfying
An essay of the writing workshop on Nigeria’s Readiness for and the Effect of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Kleine Hebel und auf den Markt vertrauende Lösungen reichen nicht mehr aus, um den Klimawandel zu stoppen. Wir brauchen ein Steuersystem, das breit diskutierte und klar kommunizierte Ziele konsequent ansteuert.
Was ist Inflation? Warum ist sie relevant? Und gibt es eine einheitliche Theorie über ihre Wurzeln und Ursachen, oder ist sie ein umstrittenes Konzept? Genau darum geht es in diesem Text: Wir definieren, was Inflation eigentlich bedeutet, bevor wir uns mit einem interdisziplinären und pluralistischen Ansatz in die theoretische Debatte stürzen: Wie entsteht sie, welche Faktoren können sie beeinflussen, und was kann man dagegen tun?
This book presents recent thought on market efficiency, using a complex systems approach to move past equilibrium models and quantify the actual efficiency of markets.
Die Zeit, um den Klimakollaps allein mit marktkonformen Instrumenten abzuwenden, ist abgelaufen – jetzt helfen nur mehr Verbrauchsminderungen. Und durch eine Wegbesteuerung des desaströsen Überkonsums können zugleich die Mittel für den Aufbau einer regenerativen Infrastruktur verfügbar gemacht werden.
With the onset of an economic crisis that has been universally acknowledged since the end of March, two main questions arise: To what extent is the corona pandemic the starting point (or even the cause) of this crisis? And secondly: can the aid programmes that have been adopted prevent a deep and prolonged recession?
By conducting a discourse analysis (SKAD) in the field of academic economics textbooks, this paper aims at reconstructing frames and identity options offered to undergraduate students relating to the questions ‘Why study economics?’ and ‘Who do I become by studying economics?’. The analysis showed three major frames and respective identity offerings, all of which are contextualized theoretically, with prominent reference to the Foucauldian reflection of the science of Political Economy. Surprisingly, none of them encourages the student to think critically, as could have been expected in a pedagogical context. Taken together, economics textbooks appear as a “total structure of actions brought to bear upon possible action” (Foucault), therefore, as a genuine example of Foucauldian power structures.
How long the COVID-19 crisis will last, and what its immediate economic costs will be, is anyone's guess. But even if the pandemic's economic impact is contained, it may have already set the stage for a debt meltdown long in the making, starting in many of the Asian emerging and developing economies on the front lines of the outbreak.
The global financial crisis (GFC) led to increasing distrust in economic research and the economics profession, in the process of which the current state of economics and economic education in particular were heavily criticized. Against this background we conducted a study with undergraduate students of economics in order to capture their view of economic education.
What’s inflation? Why is it relevant? And is there an agreed theory about its roots and causes, or is it a contentious concept? That’s what this text is all about: We define what inflation actually means before we delve into the theoretical debate with an interdisciplinary and pluralist approach: What gives rise to it, what factors might influence it, and, consequently, what might be done about it?
The authors analyse the role and effects of the US dollar as factual global reserve currency. They demonstrate that a flight into the dollar creates adverse effects for the global economy as it represents a tightening of financial conditions.
The Philosophy of Economics Foundational Text provides a systematic and well-structured overview over the field of philosophy of economics.
The 2007-2010 economic crisis has profoundly shaken the foundations of mainstream financial economics. The apparent falsification of core concepts such as risk diversification, informational efficiency and valuation efficiency by an unexpected course of events has revealed the need to redefine the objectives and direction of research today.
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