234 Ergebnisse
Most mainstream neoclassical economists completely failed to anticipate the crisis which broke in 2007 and 2008. There is however a long tradition of economic analysis which emphasises how growth in a capitalist economy leads to an accumulation of tensions and results in periodic crises. This paper first reviews the work of Karl Marx who was one of the first writers to incorporate an analysis of periodic crisis in his analysis of capitalist accumulation. The paper then considers the approach of various subsequent Marxian writers, most of whom locate periodic cyclical crises within the framework of longer-term phases of capitalist development, the most recent of which is generally seen as having begun in the 1980s. The paper also looks at the analyses of Thorstein Veblen and Wesley Claire Mitchell, two US institutionalist economists who stressed the role of finance and its contribution to generating periodic crises, and the Italian Circuitist writers who stress the problematic challenge of ensuring that bank advances to productive enterprises can successfully be repaid.
Finance and Crisis: Marxian, Institutionalist and Circuitist approaches
Since 2007, central banks of industrialized countries have counteracted financial instability, recession, and deflationary risks with unprecedented monetary policy operations. While generally regarded as successful, these measures also led to an exceptional increase in the size of central bank balance sheets. The book first introduces the subject by explaining monetary policy operations in normal times, including the key instruments (open market operations, standing facilities, reserve requirements, and the collateral framework).
Monetary Policy Operations and the Financial System
Noneconomists often think that economists' approach to race is almost exclusively one of laissez-faire. Racism, Liberalism, and Economics argues that economists' ideas are more complicated.
Race, Liberalism, And Economics
Technical change, defined as the manufacture and modification of tools, is generally thought to have played an important role in the evolution of intelligent life on earth, comparable to that of language. In this volume, first published in 1983, Jon Elster approaches the study of technical change from an epistemological perspective.
Explaining Technical Change
This article explores if power dynamics in the household can be changed, and if so, how. In this context the focus is laid on government childcare policy and its various channels of possible influence.
How can childcare policy affect intra-household power dynamics?
In this essay, the author takes a critical perspective on the pursuit of growth as the solution for providing for environmental sustainability and economic stability in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
Drawing from the framework of dependency theory and presenting brief insights into European core-periphery relations the author then argues for the implementation of an alternative strategy to development that is built around the concept of self-reliance.
Dependency in Central and Eastern Europe - Self-reliance and the need to move beyond economic growth
Die Darstellung von Unternehmen in Varians Lehrbuch „Grundzüge der Mikroökonomik“
Das Unternehmen aus der Sicht des Mainstreams
Diese Webseite widmet sich der Vielfalt bestehender ökonomischer Theorien und Methoden. Orientiere Dich, vergleiche, entdecke und studiere die unterschiedlichen ökonomischen Perspektiven.
Eine plurale Sicht des (Wohnungs)marktes
Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme des Standartlehrbuches „Grundzüge der Mikroökonomie“
Hal Varians „Grundzüge der Mikroökonomie“ – eine Kritik
In this essay the author reviews empirical studies in economics that analyze factors behind the rise of nationalist and populist parties in Western countries. He stresses that economic factors (e.g., trade shocks and economic crisis) play a crucial role in the rise of populist parties; however, the discussion of mechanisms driving this trend remains unsatisfying
The Economics of Populism in the Present
Ist das BIP wirklich der Wert, an welchem wir den Fortschritt eines Landes und einer Gesellschaft messen sollten? Wir sollten über den Punkt hinaus kommen, an welchem wirtschaftlicher Erfolg mit Wirtschaftswachstum und gesellschaftlichem Fortschritt gleichgesetzt wird. Stattdessen könnte die Art, wie wir wirtschaften, als Mittel zum Zweck für eine Gesellschaft dienen, die ihren Wohlstand neu definiert und nicht mehr von quantitativem Wachstum abhängig macht.
“Die Verwandlung”: Ringen um einen neuen Wohlstandsbegriff
Manipulation liegt vor, wenn Beeinflussung verdeckt, zielgerichtet und absichtsvoll erfolgt. Wendet man Kenntnisse der Kognitionswissenschaften und der Beeinflussungsforschung auf ökonomische Standardlehrbücher an, wird deutlich, wie sehr diese Bücher die Schwächen der Studierenden im Hinblick auf ihre Fähigkeit zur kritischen Reflexion ausnutzen.
Beeinflussung und Manipulation in der ökonomischen Bildung
One of the pluralist theories which has gained prominence following the 2008 financial crisis is Hyman Minsky and his Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH). Minsky was unique in viewing balance sheets and financial flows as the primary components of capitalist economies, and his focus on the financial system meant he was well-equipped for foresee a crisis much like 2008. Although he died long before 2008 his framework anticipated many of the processes which led to the crash, particularly increased risk-taking and financial innovation which would outstrip the abilities of regulators and central banks to manage the system.
Minsky’s Moments
How countries achieve long-term GDP growth is up there with the most important topics in economics. As Nobel Laureate Robert Lucas put it “the consequences for human welfare involved in questions like these are simply staggering: once one starts to think about them, it is hard to think about anything else.” Ricardo Hausmann et al take a refreshing approach to this question in their Atlas of Economic Complexity. They argue a country’s growth depends on the complexity of its economy: it must have a diverse economy which produces a wide variety of products, including ones that cannot be produced much elsewhere. The Atlas goes into detail on exactly what complexity means, how it fits the data, and what this implies for development. Below I will offer a summary of their arguments, including some cool data visualisations.
GDP Growth: It’s Complicated
What influence do changes in tax policy or state decisions on expenditure have on economic growth? For decades, this question has been controversially debated.
What is the fiscal multiplier and why is it so controversial?
It is perhaps fitting that the seriousness of the coronavirus threat hit most of the Western world around the Ides of March, the traditional day of reckoning of outstanding debts in Ancient Rome. After all, problems and imbalances have accumulated in the Western capitalist system over four decades, ostensibly since it took the neoliberal road out of the 1970s crisis and kept going along it, heedless of the crises and problems it led to.
The Unexpected Reckoning: Coronavirus and Capitalism
Exploring Economics, an open-source e-learning platform, giving you the opportunity to discover & study a variety of economic theories, topics, and methods.
Yes, Money is Endogenous. Who Cares?
One method of economic modelling that has become increasingly popular in academia, government and the private sector is Agent Based Models, or ABM. These simulate the actions and interactions of thousands or even millions of people to try to understand the economy – for this reason ABM was once described to me as being “like Sim City without the graphics”. One advantage of ABM is that it is flexible, since you can choose how many agents there are (an agent just means some kind of 'economic decision maker' like a firm, consumer, worker or government); how they behave (do they use complicated or simple rules to make decisions?); as well as the environment they act in, then just run the simulation and see what happens as they interact over time.
Agents, agents everywhere
Obwohl der Begriff „der Markt“ (in der Einzahl) andauernd – sowohl in der Theorie als auch in Alltagsdiskurse – mit einer großen Selbstverständlichkeit verwendet wird, hat er eine Geschichte, die fast 100 Jahre zurückgeht. Diese Begrifflichkeit wurde erstmals in der Österreichischen Schule der Nationalökonomie, und zwar von Ludwig Mises und Friedrich Hayek, und von Ordoliberalen wie Walter Eucken oder Wilhelm Röpke entwickelt.
„Der Markt“ und seine Politische Ökonomie
What made the false assumption that saving the economy at all cost during a pandemic so popular? This paper discusses different pathways through the COVID-19 pandemic at national and international level, and their consequences on the health of citizens and their economies.
How not to save the economy? The interplay of economics and health during the COVID-19 pandemic
In der Auseinandersetzung um eine nachhaltige und lebenswerte Zukunft ist die Arbeitskritik eine unerlässliche Perspektive. Denn Arbeit basiert immer auf Ressourcen- und Energieverbrauch und hat somit immer direkte oder indirekte Umweltauswirkungen.
Wie Arbeitskritik die Klimadebatte bereichern kann
This paper is a product of an online workshop held in Nigeria on the topic Unemployment: Policy Review and Recommendations. It explores the various unemployment policies introduced by the Nigerian Government and analysis how effective they are and suggests some practicable solutions to solving unemployment problems in the country.
The workshop was organized by Rethinking Economics The Uploaders (RETU) as part of the project Solving the Major Economic Problem in Nigeria (SMEPN), an output of the Global Pluralist Economics Training (GPET).
More details here: https://www.retheuploaders.org/programs/SMEPN
Unemployment in Nigeria: Policy Review and Recommendations
Die Zeit, um den Klimakollaps allein mit marktkonformen Instrumenten abzuwenden, ist abgelaufen – jetzt helfen nur mehr Verbrauchsminderungen. Und durch eine Wegbesteuerung des desaströsen Überkonsums können zugleich die Mittel für den Aufbau einer regenerativen Infrastruktur verfügbar gemacht werden.
Nur eine progressive Steuerrevolution kann den Klimakollaps vielleicht noch aufhalten
Exploring Economics, an open-access e-learning platform, giving you the opportunity to discover & study a variety of economic theories, topics, and methods.
Impact of FDI on economic growth: The role of country income levels and institutional strength
Die alten kapitalistischen Zentren, aber auch die großen Schwellenländer befinden sich inmitten eines epochalen Umbruchs. Politikansätze, die das Problem der Klimaungerechtigkeit ignorieren, werden heftige Widerstände gegen die sozial-ökologische Transformation auslösen. Ein Beitrag von Klaus Dörre.
Antworten auf die Zangenkrise
Angesichts der momentan Mehrfachkrisen gerät das lange Zeit dominierende neoliberale Gesellschaftsprogramm an seine Grenzen – und mit ihm seine konstitutiven Leitbilder. Daraus erwachsen demokratiezersetzenden und autoritäre Bewegungen. Ein Beitrag von Eva Groß, Andreas Hövermann und Amelie Nickel.
Das unternehmerische Selbst in der Krise
Based on a paper by Jason Hickel and Giorgos Kallis Decoupling refers to the separation of economic value creation material extraction and pollution. Ecological limits pose a challenge to growth-led development and the low historical and predicted rate of decoupling suggests that long-term sustainable growth-led development is impossible.
Degrowth and Environmental Justice: Decoupling
One hundred years ago the idea of 'the economy' didn't exist. Now, improving the economy has come to be seen as perhaps the most important task facing modern societies. Politics and policymaking are conducted in the language of economics and economic logic shapes how political issues are thought about and addressed.
The Econocracy
Der Fokus der Verhaltensökonomik liegt auf dem beobachtbaren Verhalten von Menschen und deren Entscheidungen.
Verhaltensökonomik
Der Beitrag skizziert kritische polit-ökonomische Bildung als eine umfassende herrschaftskritische Praxis mit dem Ziel der Aufhebung der gegenwärtigen Form gesellschaftlicher Reproduktion.
Kritische Polit-ökonomische Bildung
Usually, Critical Theory and Economics are, for better or worse, no longer seen to be in a continuum. This article by Lukas Meisner serves as an introduction to Critical Theory for all (heterodox) economists, who want to understand and explain what they can, otherwise, just state and describe.
Critical Theory for Heterodox Economists: Questioning the Premises of Supply and Demand
Extractivism is a development model based on exploiting and exporting raw materials. It is fundamental to reproducing entire societies, mainly in the Global South, while generating manifold dilemmas. This text situates extractivism within the broader landscape of global economic asymmetries, emphasizing the role of rents—excess revenues generated from resource extraction due to international price differentials—as a central analytical lens.
The Political Economy of Extractivism
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