557 Ergebnisse
Usually, Critical Theory and Economics are, for better or worse, no longer seen to be in a continuum. This article by Lukas Meisner serves as an introduction to Critical Theory for all (heterodox) economists, who want to understand and explain what they can, otherwise, just state and describe.
Critical Theory for Heterodox Economists: Questioning the Premises of Supply and Demand
As opposed to the conventional over-simplified assumption of self-interested individuals, strong evidence points towards the presence of heterogeneous other-regarding preferences in agents. Incorporating social preferences – specifically, trust and reciprocity - and recognizing the non-constancy of these preferences across individuals can help models better represent the reality.
A fresh perspective to economic theory: Social preferences and their impact on gender and policy
Extractivism is a development model based on exploiting and exporting raw materials. It is fundamental to reproducing entire societies, mainly in the Global South, while generating manifold dilemmas. This text situates extractivism within the broader landscape of global economic asymmetries, emphasizing the role of rents—excess revenues generated from resource extraction due to international price differentials—as a central analytical lens.
The Political Economy of Extractivism
Austrian economics focuses on the economic coordination of individuals in a market economy. Austrian economics emphasises individualism, subjectivism, laissez-faire politics, uncertainty and the role of the entrepreneur, amongst others.
Austrian Economics
Here we look at the effect of the 2008 Climate Change Act passed in Parliament in the United Kingdom as an effort to curb emissions in all sectors. The Act aside from setting goals to become a low-carbon economy sets up an independent committee on Climate Change to ensure the implementation of policies to comply with the ultimate goal of 80% reduction in total emissions in 2050. I make use of the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to create a comparative case study in which the creation of a synthetic UK serves as a counterfactual where the treatment never occurred (Cunningham, 2018).
Synthetic Control Method for Estimating the Effect of the Climate Change Act of 2008 in Britain
This report by the 'Institute for Global Prosperity' explores the hypothesis that strengthening and extending universal services is an effective way of tackling poverty and improving wellbeing for all.
Universal Basic Services: Theory and Practice
Why has heterodox economics not been more successful in making inroads into the mainstream? And why has “pluralist economics,” the most prominent alternative paradigm to mainstream economics, not been more successful in changing the curriculum?
The Project of Pluralism
The core idea of ecological economics is that human economic activity is bound by absolute limits. Interactions between the economy, society and the environment are analysed, while always keeping in mind the goal of a transition towards sustainability.
Ecological Economics
A central question in development economics literature is, “Why do countries stay poor?” The key disagreements are whether the lack of economic growth stems from institutions or from geography (Nunn 2009). From an institutional perspective, hostile tariff regimes and commodity price dependencies form a barrier to a sectoral shift that would otherwise lead to economic development in developing countries (Blink and Dorton 2011) (Stiglitz 2006).[i]
Trade Barriers to Development explored through various lenses
As seen with the United Nations significant promotion of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the past few years, the issue of global development is of growing concern to many international organizations. As humanity continues to become more interconnected through globalization, the inequalities and injustices experienced by inhabitants of impacted countries becomes increasingly clear. While this issue can be observed in the papers of different types (e.g., different schools of thought) of economists throughout the world, the work of behavioral and complexity economists offer a unique, collaborative perspective on how to frame decisions for individuals in a way that can positively reverberate throughout society and throughout time.
Behavioural vs Complexity Economics: Approaches to Development
The Bank of England s introduction to money in the modern economy is composed by a video and a paper which work hand in hand In them money is presented as a form of debt issued by someone and spent as credit by someone else Furthermore the three main types …
Money in the modern economy: an introduction
Geld aus dem Nichts? Das kann doch wohl nicht sein? Genau so ist es seit dem Ende des Goldstandards aber.
Kann Geld aus dem Nichts entstehen?
In öffentlichen Debatten über Staatsschulden, Haushaltsdefizite und Steuern herrscht oft die Vorstellung, der Staat müsse sich Geld „beschaffen“, bevor er ausgeben könne – entweder über Steuern oder Schuldenaufnahme. Diese Vorstellung überträgt die Logik privater Haushalte auf staatliches Handeln und verkennt die Struktur moderner Geldsysteme.
Vom Staat ins Portemonnaie – die Reihenfolge der Staatsfinanzen
In the history of the social sciences, few individuals have exerted as much influence as has Jeremy Bentham. His attempt to become “the Newton of morals” has left a marked impression upon the methodology and form of analysis that social sciences like economics and political science have chosen as modus operandi.
Bentham’s Two Sovereign Masters - Examining Bentham’s Influence on the Social Sciences
This chapter by the Centre of Economy Studies provides a map through the complex jungle of economic theories. It provides key insights and ideas for thirteen core topics in economics, organised by selecting the most relevant theoretical approaches per topic and contrasting them with each other.
Pragmatic Pluralism
Stratification economics is defined as a systemic and empirically grounded approach to addressing intergroup inequality. Stratification economics integrates economics, sociology and social psychology to distinctively analyze inequality across groups that are socially differentiated, be it by race, ethnicity, gender, caste, sexuality, religion or any other social differentiation.
Stratification Economics
This paper is a product of an online workshop held in Nigeria on the topic Unemployment: Policy Review and Recommendations. It explores the various unemployment policies introduced by the Nigerian Government and analysis how effective they are and suggests some practicable solutions to solving unemployment problems in the country.
The workshop was organized by Rethinking Economics The Uploaders (RETU) as part of the project Solving the Major Economic Problem in Nigeria (SMEPN), an output of the Global Pluralist Economics Training (GPET).
More details here: https://www.retheuploaders.org/programs/SMEPN
Unemployment in Nigeria: Policy Review and Recommendations
What influence do changes in tax policy or state decisions on expenditure have on economic growth? For decades, this question has been controversially debated.
What is the fiscal multiplier and why is it so controversial?
Was ist Inflation? Warum ist sie relevant? Und gibt es eine einheitliche Theorie über ihre Wurzeln und Ursachen, oder ist sie ein umstrittenes Konzept? Genau darum geht es in diesem Text: Wir definieren, was Inflation eigentlich bedeutet, bevor wir uns mit einem interdisziplinären und pluralistischen Ansatz in die theoretische Debatte stürzen: Wie entsteht sie, welche Faktoren können sie beeinflussen, und was kann man dagegen tun?
Inflation
In diesem Beitrag diskutiert Ingo Stützle die Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) kritisch aus einer an Marx orientierten Ökonomiekritik. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass die MMT zwar wichtige Fragen aufwirft, aber weder einen adäquaten Begriff von Geld noch von Kapitalismus hat, was mitunter zu Fehlschlüssen führt. Dabei ist der wesentliche Punkt, dass die MMT auf der Basis eines falschen Verständnisses von Geld die notwendige Begrenztheit staatlicher Verfügungs- und Gestaltungsmacht im Kapitalismus nicht versteht.
Eine Kritik der Modern Monetary Theory als geldtheoretisches Konzept
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Schaffung finanztheoretischer Rahmenbedingungen hinsichtlich einer sozial-ökologischen Transformation der heutigen Wirtschaftsweise durch gezielt-effiziente Anpassung der Geschäftstätigkeit des globalen Bankensektors unter Betrachtung der resultierenden Folgewirkungen zwecks hinreichender Zielerfüllung im Sinne des Pariser Abkommens.
Wie erfüllen und finanzieren wir die Ziele des Pariser Abkommen / Climate Agreement (Social Development Goals (SDG) & Environmental Social Governance (ESG)) in nur noch 30 Jahren? Eine mögliche Antwort.
Die Bedeutung des Pariser Klimaabkommen für den Bankensektor
Obwohl viele technische Lösungen für gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen wie den Klimawandel auf der Hand liegen, sind wir als globale Gesellschaft häufig nicht in der Lage, diese umzusetzen. Warum führt die kollektive Erfahrung eines kollabierenden Systems nicht zur kollektiven Handlung? Ein Beitrag von Katrin Käufer und Claus Otto Scharmer.
Von der Ego- zur Eco-System-Ökonomie
Immer wieder sind in den letzten Jahren die Folgen einseitiger Lobby- und Marktmacht deutlich geworden – und wie schwierig es ist, sie zu begrenzen.
Warum Marktmacht den Klimaschutz unterminiert
Die Inflation ist als ökonomisches Phänomen für VWL-Studierende ähnlich schwer zu fassen wie für die breite Öffentlichkeit und die Politik. Dieser Artikel entwickelt einen Analyserahmen, der helfen soll, über Inflation sowohl als ein wirtschaftliches als auch als ein politisches Phänomen nachzudenken.
Nach der Inflation: Viele Verlierer:innen und wenige Gewinner:innen
In dem Text gibt Maria Kader einen Überblick über die Krisenpolitik der EZB in den Krisen der vergangenen Jahre. Sie stellt die ergriffenen Maßnahmen, ihre Wirkungen und ihre Schatteseiten vor.
Die Europäische Zentralbank in der Krisenpolitik – Maßnahmen, Wirkungen, Schattenseiten
Economists like to base their theories on individual decision making. Individuals, the idea goes, have their own interests and preferences, and if we don’t include these in our theory we can’t be sure how people will react to changes in their economic circumstances and policy. While there may be social influences, in an important sense the buck stops with individuals. Understanding how individuals process information to come to decisions about their health, wealth and happiness is crucial. You can count me as someone who thinks that on the whole, this is quite a sensible view.
Decision by Sampling, or ‘Psychologists Reclaim Their Turf’
The module is designed to first present some of the main schools of thought from a historical and methodological perspective. Each week we explore and critically assess the main tenants of each school of thought. In the second part of the module we link history of economic thought and methodology to a specific and contemporary economic question. The second part allows you to engage with current economic issues with an awareness of methodology and methodological differences and with some knowledge of the history of economics.
History of Economic Thought
A review of:
[1] Intermediate Microeconomics, H.R. Varian
[2] Mikrooekonomie, R.S. Pindyck, D.L. Rubinfeld
[3] Grundzuege der mikrooekonomischen Theorie, J. Schumann, U. Meyer, W. Stroebele
The Dichotomy, Inconsistency, and Peculiar Outmodedness of the "Mainstream" Textbook
In this essay, the author takes a critical perspective on the pursuit of growth as the solution for providing for environmental sustainability and economic stability in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
Drawing from the framework of dependency theory and presenting brief insights into European core-periphery relations the author then argues for the implementation of an alternative strategy to development that is built around the concept of self-reliance.
Dependency in Central and Eastern Europe - Self-reliance and the need to move beyond economic growth
Diese Webseite widmet sich der Vielfalt bestehender ökonomischer Theorien und Methoden. Orientiere Dich, vergleiche, entdecke und studiere die unterschiedlichen ökonomischen Perspektiven.
Eine plurale Sicht des (Wohnungs)marktes
The last 15 years have seen extensive research into ecosystem service valuation (ESV), spurred by the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005 (Baveye, Baveye & Gowdy, 2016). Ecosystem services are defined as “the benefits people obtain from ecosystems” (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, p.V). For example, ecosystems provide the service of sequestering carbon which helps regulate the climate. Valuation means giving ecosystems or their services a monetary price, for example researchers have estimated that the carbon sequestration services of the Mediterranean Sea is between 100 and 1500 million euros per year. The idea of ESV was a response to the overuse of natural resources and degradation of ecosystems, allegedly due to their undervaluation and exclusion from the monetary economy. ESV can be used (1) for policy decision-making, for example allocating funding to a reforestation project (2) for setting payments to people who increase ecosystem services, for example a farmer increasing the organic carbon content of their soil, and (3) for determining fees for people who degrade ecosystem services, for example a company that causes deforestation.
A Pluralist Perspective on Ecosystem Service Valuation Introduction
After completing the module, participants should have knowledge and understanding about the theory of Critical Political Economy and its basic methods. They should be able to apply central concepts to analyse critical questions regarding the embeddedness of economic relations within broader social, political and ecological relations.
Marxist Political Economy
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