1010 Ergebnisse
A central question in development economics literature is, “Why do countries stay poor?” The key disagreements are whether the lack of economic growth stems from institutions or from geography (Nunn 2009). From an institutional perspective, hostile tariff regimes and commodity price dependencies form a barrier to a sectoral shift that would otherwise lead to economic development in developing countries (Blink and Dorton 2011) (Stiglitz 2006).[i]
Trade Barriers to Development explored through various lenses
Capitalism cannot fulfil the promises of the French revolution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. Why? Richard Wollf elaborates on Marx's analysis of the distribution and organisation of surplus in society and his conclusion that there is something inherently wrong in capitalist class structure that still causes economic crisis in our modern times. Change requires changing the organisation of the production. This goes far beyond a discussion of 'more-state' vs. 'less-state'.
Intro To Marxian Economics
Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes:
Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments).
Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate.
Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement.
Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market.
Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks.
Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back.
Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio.
How money gets destroyed - Banking 101 (Part 6 of 6)
Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes:
Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments).
Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate.
Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement.
Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market.
Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks.
Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back.
Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio.
Misconceptions around Banking - Banking 101 (Part 1 of 6)
Die Studie basiert auf einer Online-Umfrage unter 448 Promovierenden im Fach Volkswirtschaftslehre (VWL) an Universitäten und Graduiertenschulen im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Neues ökonomisches Denken in der Doktorandenausbildung
Diese Studie widmet sich dem Zustand des Studiums der Volkswirtschaftslehre (VWL) aus der Perspektive seiner Studierenden.
„Ohne Effizienz geht es nicht“ - Ergebnisse einer qualitativ-empirischen Erhebung unter Studierenden der Volkswirtschaftslehre
Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes:
Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments).
Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate.
Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement.
Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market.
Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks.
Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back.
Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio.
Do banks create money or just credit? - Banking 101 (Part 5 of 6)
Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes:
Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments).
Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate.
Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement.
Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market.
Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks.
Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back.
Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio.
What's wrong with the money multiplier? - Banking 101 (Part 2 of 6)
Durch das Internet und die Digitalisierung haben sich Angebot, Beschaffung und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von schulischen Lehr- und Lernmitteln erheblich gewandelt. Dieser Wandel betrifft sowohl formelle als auch inhaltliche Aspekte. Er ist auch und gerade im Bereich der sozialwissenschaftlichen Bildung vordringlich, da diese seit jeher ein ideologisch umkämpftes Feld darstellt.
Ein offenes Lehr- und Lernmittel für das Inhaltsfeld Wirtschaftspolitik
The core of Georgism is a policy known as the Land Value Tax (LVT), a policy which Georgists claim will solve many of society and the economy’s ills. Georgism is an interesting school of thought because it has the twin properties that (1) despite a cult following, few people in either mainstream or (non-Georgist) heterodox economics pay it much heed; (2) despite not paying it much heed, both mainstream and heterodox economists largely tend to agree with Georgists. I will focus on the potential benefits Georgists argue an LVT will bring and see if they are borne out empirically. But I will begin by giving a nod to the compelling theoretical and ethical dimensions of George’s analysis, which are impossible to ignore.
It’s the Land, Stupid!
Marx’s theory of the falling rate of profit is not only empirically borne out, but the theory he proposed seems to describe accurately how that happens. Furthermore, the whole process is useful for understanding the history of contemporary capitalism.
On the Rate of Profit
This video by the Khan Academy presents the difference between monetary policy and fiscal policy and how they affect aggregate demand. The video especially elaborates on the basic explanation on how expansionary monetary policy increases aggregate demand via the market for money and the AD-AS model.
Monetary and fiscal policy | Aggregate demand and aggregate supply | Macroeconomics
This short video by the Khan Academy presents a classic introduction to economic teaching. Starting with the quote by Adam Smith in "The Wealth of Nations" on the invisible hand, it shows how economics deals with the question of the allocation of scarce resources and shortly presents different questions addressed by microeconomics and macroeconomics. It further makes reference to questions of simplification in mathematical models.
Introduction to economics | Supply, demand, and market equilibrium | Microeconomics
Based on a critique on econometric and DSGE models (in particular in the context of the financial crisis), Doyne Farmer presents his current research programme that aims at building an agent-based model of the financial and economic crisis. It models heterogeneous agents and from there simulates the economy, firstly for the housing market. The interview gives a short insight in the research programme.
Macroeconomics From the Bottom Up
Steve Keen discusses DSGE modeling and microfoundations by asking the question if it is ideologically possible to derive macroeconomics from microeconomics.
Discussing DSGE
Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes:
Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments).
Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate.
Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement.
Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market.
Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks.
Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back.
Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio.
How much money can banks create - Banking 101 (Part 4 of 6)
Markets are the focus in modern economics: when they work, when they don’t and what we can or can’t do about it. There are many ways to study markets and how we do so will inevitably affect our conclusions about them, including policy recommendations which can influence governments and other major organisations. Pluralism can be a vital corrective to enacting real policies based on only one perspective and a plethora of approaches provide alternatives to the canonical view. Although they have differing implications, these approaches share the idea that we should take a historical approach, analysing markets on a case-by-case basis; and they share a faith in the power of both individuals and collectives to overcome the problems encountered when organising economic activity.
Markets, How Do They Work?
Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes:
Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments).
Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate.
Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement.
Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market.
Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks.
Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back.
Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio.
How is money really made by banks? - Banking 101 (Part 3 of 6)
In both economics textbooks and public perceptions central banks are a fact of life. On the wall of my A-level economics classroom there was the Will Rogers quote “there have been three great inventions since the beginning of time: fire, the wheel, and central banking”, summarising how many economists view the institution. There is a widespread belief that there is something different about money which calls for a central authority to manage its operation, a view shared even by staunch free marketeers such as Milton Friedman. This belief is not without justification, since money underpins every transaction in a way that apples do not, but we should always be careful not to take existing institutions for granted and central banking is no exception. In this post I will look at the idea of private or free banking, where banks compete (and cooperate) to issue their own currency.
Whither Central Banks?
Ausgehend von Keynes Werk "Allgemeine Theorie der Beschäftigung, des Zinses und des Gelds" erläutert Dirk Ehnts die Grundzüge der Keynesianischen Wirtschaftstheorie und insbesondere die Unterschiede zu neoklassischen Annahmen und Modellen. Anschließend geht er auf den Post-Keynesianismus ein: Welcher Konsens und Dissens besteht unter Post-Keynesianern und welche sind die Sternstunden der Theorieschule? Kernthemen des Vortrags sind Geldkreislauf, Staatsverschuldung und Kredite.
Post-Keynesianismus (Eine sehr kurze Einführung)
Walter Ötsch beschreibt wie die Ökonomik sich von der Moralwissenschaft unter Adam Smith zu einer Wissenschaft mit einem biologisch determinierten Menschenbild unter Malthus und Ricardo entwickelt. In diesem Prozess kommen naturwissenschaftliche Metaphern (Uhr-System, Waage-Gleichgewicht, Computer-Information) immer mehr zum Tragen. Anhand der Geschichte wird die Entwicklung der modernen Neoklassik gezeigt. Dann wird die marktliberale Interpretation der Neoklassik kritisiert. Zum Schluss wird noch auf das fehlende Narrativ der Ökonomik zur Finanzkrise eingegangen und auf den nicht stattgefundenen Bruch mit der Marktradikalität der Eliten.
Ökonomik als Sozialphysik
Keen first compares neoclassical approaches to modelling with heterodox ones. Then he discusses in length the required assumptions and the inconsistencies of the aggregate demand and supply model, which is extrapolated from a micro perspective. At the end some dynamic models with feedback mechanisms are shown.
The Mainstream Obsession with Microfoundations and why it is an intellectual dead-end
As the Covid-19 fueled economic downturn begins to intensify this winter, an extended study of the Italian cooperative sector’s historical resilience in times of crisis can serve as a learning experience for other countries seeking to create policies that foster more stable economies, with job security, care for marginalized communities and adequate counter-cyclical policies. Particularly, the Italian cooperative sector’s contributions to three aspects should be noted in closing. Firstly, the innovative phenomenon of cooperative enterprises has contributed to social inclusion of immigrant communities, the activation of youth, the unemployed and people with disabilities, a true compensation for both a market and state failure. Secondly, they have contributed to a reduction in income and wealth inequalities at a time when the issue of inequality is of global significance. Thirdly, the Italian cooperative movement has helped local communities revitalize in the face of demographic shifts and rendered them more resilient to the ravages of globalization. Each of these in their own right is a remarkable achievement.
How to strengthen the social economy
In der Lehrveranstaltung „Plurale Feministischen Ökonomie“ erhalten die Studierenden einen Einblick in die unterschiedlichen Debatten innerhalb der Feministischen Ökonomie, die von der Subsistenztheorie bis hin zur Queer Economics reichen, und lernen die wissenschaftstheoretischen, normativen und methodischen Hintergründe kennen.
Plurale Feministische Ökonomie
Even if men were perceived as the main protagonists of the Greek crisis, the crisis had a deep impact on disadvantaged groups, in particular migrant women working as domestic labourers. The debate presents the particular impact on migrant women of the downturn and furthermore discusses how migrant struggles and other emancipatory movements impacted the politics of crisis. The first minutes of the video are in German, but the moderator switches to English.
Invisible women? Crisis, gender and migration in Greece 2015
In diesem Workshop zeigt Christian Proaño die Kritik an der Neuen Neoklassischen Synthese aus Sicht der Behavioral Macroeconomics. Für Fortgeschrittene gibt er einen Einblick in Behavioral Macroeconomics und zeigt Modelle mit heterogenen Erwartungen (De Grauwe 2012), den Aggregate Sentiments Approach (Franke 2012) sowie den Learning Aproach (nach Evans, Honkapohja 2001). Kritiker könnten der Behavioral Macroeconomics Forschung vorwerfen, dass sie im Grunde Neoklassische Konzepte repariert, das wissenschaftstheoretische Fundament aber nie verlässt und sich damit selbst begrenzt.
Die Folien des Vortrags sind hier verfügbar: http://www.boeckler.de/pdf/v_2016_08_12_proano_slides.pdf
Behavioral Macroeconomics
Maria Nikolaidi on how Minsky’s theory has been modelled over past decades and how one can use these models in order to analyse contemporary issues such as financial fragility and financial instability caused by climate change.
Minsky's theory about financial fragility and financial instability
The lectures were given by Steve Keen at the Exploring Economics Summer Academy 2017 in the workshop on Post Keynesian Economics The first lectures start with the role of money in a monetary economy and explain the macroeconomic significance of admitting the reality that banks create money The lectures continue …
Exploring Economics 2017 Lectures
Es stimmt hoffnungsvoll zu sehen, welche weitreichenden Maßnahmen die Politik ergreifen kann, wenn eine Situation einmal als Krise identifiziert wurde. Doch in der Klimakrise reicht der politische Wille allein nicht, solange bestehende Diskurse darüber, weshalb und wie investiert und reguliert werden soll, unangetastet bleiben. Ein Beitrag von Birte Strunk.
Postwachstum in Zeiten von Corona
Mit dem Paris-Abkommen von 2015 hat sich die internationale Staatengemeinschaft auf bestimmte Temperaturziele verständigt. Wie diese zu erreichen sind, wird auch eine gesellschaftliche Entscheidung sein.
Die verschiedenen Transformationspfade zum 1,5-Grad-Ziel
At the 2013 Climate, Mind, & Behavior Symposium, Rebecca Adamson of First Peoples Worldwide illustrates alternative economic systems modeled after indigenous worldviews and the power they have in pushing us towards a more sustainable existence.
Rebecca Adamson: Enoughness - Restoring Balance to the Economy
This lecture is all about the challenge to include heterodox approaches into macroeconomics. After giving an overview of recent approaches to that problem Professor Michael Roos presents the theoretical framework of Complexity Economics as a means to combine behavioral aspects with macroeconomics.
Behavioural and Complexity Macroeconomics
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