1352 results
This paper surveys the development of the concept of socialism from the French Revolution to the socialist calculation debate. Karl Marx’s politics of revolutionary socialism led by an empowered proletariat nurtured by capital accumulation envisions socialism as a “top-down” system resting on political institutions, despite Marx’s keen appreciation of the long-period analysis of the organization of social production in the classical political economists. Collectivist thinking in the work of Enrico Barone and Wilfredo Pareto paved the way for the discussion of socialism purely in terms of the allocation of resources. The Soviet experiment abandoned the mixed economy model of the New Economic Policy for a political-bureaucratic administration of production only loosely connected to theoretical concepts of socialism. The socialist calculation debate reductively recast the problem of socialism as a problem of allocation of resources, leading to general equilibrium theory. Friedrich Hayek responded to the socialist calculation debate by shifting the ground of discussion from class relations to information revelation
Socialist alternatives to capitalism I: Marx to Hayek
Health Economics traditionally involves two distinct strands. One focuses on the application of core neoclassical economic theories of the firm, the consumer and the market to health-seeking behaviour and other health issues. It suggests a role for government intervention only in the case of specific market failures (for example externalities, asymmetric information, moral hazard, and public goods) that distort market outcomes. The second strand is evaluation techniques, used to assess the cost effectiveness of competing health interventions.
Health Economics
This dossier gives an overview of the functions and the nature of money. The concept of Islamic finance is briefly explored, too.
The Nature of Money
In this course we will critically analyze both economic theory and economic life through the lens of gender. Topics covered include: a critical examination of gender patterns and trends in the household, labor market, and the firm; issues concerning gender inequalities in the economy.
Gender and the Economy
À travers les réflexions et les analyses de plusieurs intellectuels de renom, ce documentaire trace un portrait de l’idéologie néolibérale et examine les différents mécanismes mis à l’oeuvre pour en imposer mondialement les diktats.
Déréglementer, réduire la taille de l’État, privatiser, limiter l’inflation plutôt que le chômage, bref, financiariser et dépolitiser l’économie : les différents dogmes de cette pensée prêt-à-porter sont bien connus. Et s’ils s’immiscent lentement dans nos consciences c’est qu’ils sont diffusés à travers un vaste et inextricable réseau de propagande.
De fait, depuis la fondation de la Société du Mont Pèlerin, en 1947, les instituts de recherche néolibéraux, ces think tanks financés par des transnationales et des grandes fortunes, propagent inlassablement la pensée néolibérale au sein des universités, dans les médias, auprès des parlementaires, etc.
Cette idéologie qui s’affiche évidence, forte de la sanction historique et scientifique que semble lui avoir conférée la chute de l’URSS, a su intoxiquer tous les gouvernements, de gauche comme de droite. En effet, depuis la fin de la Guerre Froide, le rythme des réformes néolibérales est allé sans cesse s’accentuant. Souvent imposée par la force, que ce soit à travers les plans d’ajustements structurels du FMI et de la Banque Mondiale, sous la pression des marchés financiers et des transnationales ou même par la guerre, la doctrine néolibérale s’étend dorénavant à la planète entière.
Mais derrière l’écran de fumée idéologique, derrière ces beaux concepts d’ordre spontané et d’harmonie des intérêts dans un libre marché, par-delà la panacée de la «main invisible», que se cache-t-il réellement ?
L'encerclement - le néolibéralisme
This essay suggests to bring together two aspects of economic thought which so far have developed largely separately: degrowth and feminist economics. In this strive, the concept of care work and its role in feminist economics will be introduced and the downsides of the commodification of care work will be discussed. Subsequently, contributions to the discussion on the (re)valuation of care work will be taken into account.
Who cares? A convergence of feminist economics and degrowth
As opposed to the conventional over-simplified assumption of self-interested individuals, strong evidence points towards the presence of heterogeneous other-regarding preferences in agents. Incorporating social preferences – specifically, trust and reciprocity - and recognizing the non-constancy of these preferences across individuals can help models better represent the reality.
A fresh perspective to economic theory: Social preferences and their impact on gender and policy
A central question in development economics literature is, “Why do countries stay poor?” The key disagreements are whether the lack of economic growth stems from institutions or from geography (Nunn 2009). From an institutional perspective, hostile tariff regimes and commodity price dependencies form a barrier to a sectoral shift that would otherwise lead to economic development in developing countries (Blink and Dorton 2011) (Stiglitz 2006).[i]
Trade Barriers to Development explored through various lenses
Le libéralisme allemand qui est au cœur de la construction européenne porte le nom d’ordolibéralisme. C’est une voie à mi-chemin entre le capitalisme à l’anglo-saxonne, qu’on considère en général comme le plus proche de l’orthodoxie classique, de l’ultra-libéralisme, et un capitalisme keynésien plutôt orienté vers des politiques de la demande. Cependant, l'ordolibéralisme allemand demeure une forme de néolibéralisme. L'idée de l'épisode est de décrire un courant de pensée qui tient plus de l’idéologie ou de l’opinion politique que de la science. En effet, l’ordolibéralisme, comme de nombreux autres courants de pensés en économie, propose des hypothèses plausibles, potentiellement justes, mais non vérifiées voire non vérifiables ainsi qu’une version simplifiée de la mécanique économique qui ne colle pas toujours avec la réalité. La description de la pensée ordolibérale permet de comprendre pourquoi la Zone Euro est organisée d'une manière si spécifique : Pourquoi la banque centrale européenne est-elle indépendante ? Pourquoi celle-ci ne peut-elle pas financer des états ? Pourquoi doit-elle se concentrer uniquement sur des problématiques d'inflation ? Pourquoi la commission européenne insiste-t-elle tant sur le rôle de la concurrence ? Pourquoi le budget des états ne doit pas dépasser un déficit de 3% du PIB ?
L'ordolibéralisme allemand
Big challenges lie ahead for our society: increased automation of work, and the threat of catastrophic climate change. But so, too, are the huge possibilities presented by new technology and better ways of organising our economy in the wake of neoliberalism's failure.
Economics for the Many
Post-Keynesian and heterodox economics challenge the mainstream economics theories that dominate the teaching at universities and government economic policies. And it was these latter theories that helped to cause the great depression the United States and the rest of the world is in.
In Defense of Post-Keynesian and Heterodox Economics
With the onset of an economic crisis that has been universally acknowledged since the end of March, two main questions arise: To what extent is the corona pandemic the starting point (or even the cause) of this crisis? And secondly: can the aid programmes that have been adopted prevent a deep and prolonged recession?
Economic crisis only because of the Corona pandemic?
The Great Recession 2.0 is unfolding before our very eyes. It is still in its early phase. But dynamics have been set in motion that are not easily stopped, or even slowed. If the virus effect were resolved by early summer—as some politicians wishfully believe—the economic dynamics set in motion would still continue. The US and global economies have been seriously ‘wounded’ and will not recover easily or soon. Those who believe it will be a ‘V-shape’ recovery are deluding themselves. Economists among them should know better but are among the most confused. They only need to look at historical parallels to convince themselves otherwise.
Origins & Emergence of the 2020 Great Recession in the US Economy
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Bombay was beset by crises such as famine and plague. Yet, rather than halting the flow of capital, these crises served to secure it. In colonial Bombay, capitalists and governors, Indian and British alike, used moments of crisis to justify interventions that delimited the city as a distinct object and progressively excluded laborers and migrants from it.
Making the Modern Slum
Imperialism is not only about military force and political pressure applied by developed capitalist countries on less developed ones for economic gain It also has an everyday dimension Countless acts of production and consumption the current SUV boom being a prominent example draw on exploitation of resources and labour from …
The Imperial Mode of Living
How countries achieve long-term GDP growth is up there with the most important topics in economics. As Nobel Laureate Robert Lucas put it “the consequences for human welfare involved in questions like these are simply staggering: once one starts to think about them, it is hard to think about anything else.” Ricardo Hausmann et al take a refreshing approach to this question in their Atlas of Economic Complexity. They argue a country’s growth depends on the complexity of its economy: it must have a diverse economy which produces a wide variety of products, including ones that cannot be produced much elsewhere. The Atlas goes into detail on exactly what complexity means, how it fits the data, and what this implies for development. Below I will offer a summary of their arguments, including some cool data visualisations.
GDP Growth: It’s Complicated
‘We cannot afford their peace & We cannot bear their wars’:
Value, Exploitation, Profitability Crises & ‘Rectification’
Political Economy based on Marx
In the graveyard of economic ideology, dead ideas still stalk the land.
The recent financial crisis laid bare many of the assumptions behind market liberalism—the theory that market-based solutions are always best, regardless of the problem. For decades, their advocates dominated mainstream economics, and their influence created a system where an unthinking faith in markets led many to view speculative investments as fundamentally safe.
Zombie Economics
Understanding gender inequality is possible only when looking at the intersections between race and class inequalities. The health crisis is no different: Stevano takes a feminist and social reproductive perspective, from unpaid household work to social infrastructure and services.
The Feminist Economics of Covid-19
Exploring Economics, an open-source e-learning platform, giving you the opportunity to discover & study a variety of economic theories, topics, and methods.
Reclaiming the university: Transforming economics as a discipline
Der Klimawandel dürfte die globalen Migrationsbewegungen in den kommenden Jahren deutlich verstärken – was die Politik gleich an mehreren Fronten unter Handlungsdruck setzt.
Ob Klima-Migration ein Sicherheitsrisiko oder eine Chance darstellt, liegt in den Händen der Politik
The foundational economy is a concept which describes the infrastructure of everyday life, encompassing all essential services like utilities or healthcare that people require for wellbeing. This contribution provides an overview of foundational thinking.
The foundational economy: Focusing on what matters
Happy International Women s Day This International Women s Day 2018 is an opportune moment to highlight prominent scholars of Feminist Economics As a subdiscipline of economics Feminist Economics analyzes the interrelationship between gender and the economy often critiquing inequities and injustices perpetuated by mainstream paradigms Work of this nature …
Happy International Women’s Day!
This collection of videos offers a short introduction to ecological economics and its main differences with respect to environmental economics.
Short lectures on ecological economics
This article briefly examines Marx s profound contribution in the political economic thought It provides the historical foundations of Marxian economic thought based on the contemporary situation as well as the state of economic thought at that time Lastly it discusses the volumes of Marx s contribution as well as …
Marxian economics
How can we establish new institutions and practices in order to use fare-free public transport as a beacon for sustainable mobility and a low-carbon lifestyle? The author of this essay elaborates on how practice theory and institutional economics can help to answer this question.
Towards a practice of fare-free sustainability
Die Welt verändern, ohne die Macht zu übernehmen – dieser Buchtitel aus dem Jahr 2002 steht emblematisch für ein Verhältnis zur Macht, das in Teilen der Linken lange Zeit vorherrschend war. Der Autor des Buches, John Holloway, war selbst Teil der Weltsozialforen-Bewegung und stellte sich entschieden gegen herkömmliche Vorstellungen linker Gegenmacht, etwa im Sinne des Aufbaus einer linken Massenpartei. Aus derselben Zeit stammt auch das Konzept der «Multitude» aus der Feder von Michael Hardt und Antonio Negri. Es richtete sich gegen den identitären Begriff eines «Volkes», und ebenso gegen eine politische Bezugnahme auf die «Arbeiter*innenklasse». Diesen politischen Subjekten wurde eine Vielfalt widerständiger, global verteilter Praktiken und Gruppierungen entgegengestellt, die sich jedoch nicht vereinheitlichen ließen. Das Verhältnis dieser Multitude zur Erringung von Macht wurde offengelassen.
Die Macht übernehmen und die Welt verändern?
In this video University of Warwick Economist Robert Akerlof provides an introduction to a new type of behavioral economics He explains how this type is being driven by a desire to understand how people are shaped by social interactions and what the economic consequences of this are He begins the …
Behavioral Economics: The Next Generation
Planetary Mine rethinks the politics and territoriality of resource extraction, especially as the mining industry becomes reorganized in the form of logistical networks, and East Asian economies emerge as the new pivot of the capitalist world-system.
Planetary Mine
This book highlights the political economy of wealth and income inequality in Latin America. The author segments his analysis to separately evaluate the economic, social, and political costs of inequality building on country case studies. It draws well-contextualized lessons from the Latin American experience that is important to consider for other regional contexts, especially for social policies of nations within the 'Middle Income Trap'.
The Costs of Inequality in Latin America
This short video examining the concepts of rents and rent-seeking, and the high cost of orthodox liberal anticorruption policies.
Rent-Seeking, Corruption and Development
This course provides an overview of the fundamentals of the economic Methodology.
Economic Methodology
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