152 Ergebnisse
Der Fokus der Evolutorischen Ökonomik liegt auf der Erklärung wirtschaftlichen Wandels. Analysiert werden Wandlungsprozesse, wie Wirtschaftswachstum, Innovationen, Strukturwandel, technologischen Wandel, institutionellen Wandel oder allgemein die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung.
Evolutionsökonomik
Fabian Georgi analysiert, wie Migration und Grenzen, sowohl grundlegend als auch in der gegenwärtigen historischen Phase, mit dem Kapitalismus zusammenhängen.
Fachkräfte anwerben, Grenzen abschotten? Der Zusammenhang von Migration, Grenzregimen und Kapitalismus
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Bombay was beset by crises such as famine and plague. Yet, rather than halting the flow of capital, these crises served to secure it. In colonial Bombay, capitalists and governors, Indian and British alike, used moments of crisis to justify interventions that delimited the city as a distinct object and progressively excluded laborers and migrants from it.
Making the Modern Slum
The idea of a Green New Deal was launched into popular consciousness by US Congressperson Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in 2018. Evocative of the far-reaching ambitions of its namesake, it has become a watchword in the current era of global climate crisis. But its new ubiquity brings ambiguity: what - and for whom - is the Green New Deal?
A People's Green New Deal
This text provides an easy to understand introduction to complexity economics for non-specialist audiences such as bachelor's students.
Think Complexity Economics is too Complicated? Then this is for you.
"De-Risking“ ist ein geflügelter Begriff. Er kann als ein Element einer Strategie betrachtet werden, die darauf abzielt, die handelspolitische Konfrontation mit China diskursiv einzurahmen. Diese Konfrontation wurde in den letzten Jahren hauptsächlich von den USA vorangetrieben und erfuhr zunächst eine vorsichtige, später jedoch immer deutlichere Unterstützung vonseiten der EU.
De-Risking, De-Coupling, De-Globalisierung?
Die Inflation ist als ökonomisches Phänomen für VWL-Studierende ähnlich schwer zu fassen wie für die breite Öffentlichkeit und die Politik. Dieser Artikel entwickelt einen Analyserahmen, der helfen soll, über Inflation sowohl als ein wirtschaftliches als auch als ein politisches Phänomen nachzudenken.
Nach der Inflation: Viele Verlierer:innen und wenige Gewinner:innen
The general idea of a Job Guarantee (JG) is that the government offers employment to everybody ready, willing and able to work for a living wage in the last instance as an Employer of Last Resort. The concept tackles societal needs that are not satisfied by market forces and the systemic characteristic of unemployment in capitalist societies. Being a central part of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), attention for the JG concept rose in recent years.
The Job Guarantee
In this book, the author critically examines a number of socialist proposals that have been put forward since the end of the Cold War. It is shown that although these proposals have many merits, their inability effectively to incorporate the benefits of information technology into their models has limited their ability to solve the problem of socialist construction. The final section of the book proposes an entirely new model of socialist development, based on a "needs profile" that makes it possible to convert the needs of large numbers of people into data that can be used as a guide for resource allocation. This analysis makes it possible to rethink and carefully specify the conditions necessary for the abolition of capital and consequently the requirements for socialist revolution and, ultimately, communist society.
Information Technology and Socialist Construction
A History of Capitalist Transformation: A Critique of Liberal-Capitalist Reforms highlights how, since the recent financial crises, the expression 'liberal reform' has entered common parlance as an evocative image of austerity and economic malaise, especially for the working classes and a segment of the middle class.
A History of Capitalist Transformation
This course covers recent advances in behavioral economics by reviewing some of the assumptions made in mainstream economic models, and by discussing how human behavior systematically departs from these assumptions.
Psychology and Economics
For a long time, price controls were considered taboo, as neoliberal economic theory assumes that prices are supposedly formed freely by supply and demand. But especially in times of crisis, the state must intervene and cap prices to protect wage earners from excessive burdens. However, the how matters.
Price Controls Against Inflation
Maria Kader provides an overview of the ECB's crisis policies in recent years. She outlines the measures taken, their effects, and their shortcomings.
The European Central Bank in a State of Crisis: Policies, Effects and Downsides
An article in the New York Times from early 2025 suggests that the political influence of mainstream economics is declining. While economists have been highly influential in supporting and shaping free-market policies in recent decades, their expertise has become less relevant during intensified economic crises that necessitate state interventions.
The Strange Non-Death of Mainstream Economics
Why has heterodox economics not been more successful in making inroads into the mainstream? And why has “pluralist economics,” the most prominent alternative paradigm to mainstream economics, not been more successful in changing the curriculum?
The Project of Pluralism
The Invisible Hand offers a radical departure from the conventional wisdom of economists and economic historians, by showing that "factor markets" and the economies dominated by them - the market economies - are not modern, but have existed at various times in the past.
The Invisible Hand?
Adam Smith and Karl Marx recognized that the best way to understand the economy is to study the most advanced practice of production. Today that practice is no longer conventional manufacturing: it is the radically innovative vanguard known as the knowledge economy.
The Knowledge Economy
Mit der westlichen Industrialisierung sind wir bisher in der Mehrheit nicht sehr gut gefahren. Warum also sollte dieses Modell international erstrebenswert sein? Ein Beitrag von Anke Schaffartzik.
Können und wollen wir alle im Überfluss leben?
Gemäß der „vorsorgeorientierten Postwachstumsposition“ ist es ungewiss, wie sich die Wirtschaftsleistung entwickeln wird, wenn die Wirtschaftsweise in den wohlhabenden Ländern im Einklang mit globalen ökologischen Zielen grundlegend verändert wird. Andererseits spielen aufgrund der heutigen Verfasstheit der früh industrialisierten, wohlhabenden Länder die Wirtschaftsleistung und die damit generierten Einkommen eine wichtige Rolle. Daraus lässt sich das Ziel ableiten, diese gesellschaftlichen Institutionen nach Möglichkeit vorsorglich so zu transformieren, dass sie ihre Funktionen unabhängig(er) von der Wirtschaftsleistung erbringen können. Dies würde der Politik auch größere Spielräume bei Konflikten zwischen ökonomischen und ökologischen Zielen ermöglichen.
Die vorsorgeorientierte Postwachstumsposition
Stiglitz answers the question why globalization and world trade has not delivered on its promise of increased well being as much as classical economists thought, by pointing to the power asymmetries: firstly, between industrialized nations and developing nations and secondly, between special corporate interest and social interests. In his analysis, developed countries and MNCs were able to extract the benefits, while shifting the costs (i.e. pollution) to states and communities with lesser power. Amongst many other historical examples the pharmaceutical and the mining industry are discussed to some length.
Stiglitz on globalization, why globalization fails? The trade agreements
Ha Joon Chang exposes the main ideas of his book Bad Samaritans, namely that historically states have developed and industrialized by making policy interventions related to industry protection, tariffs and subsidies and not by opening their markets to free trade. Chang elaborates on the examples of Japan, the US, Singapore and Germany amongst others to show that an interventionist path to development has been the regularity and not an anomaly. In the end of the lecture, he argues that they idea of a level playing field should be replaced by a trade order that accounts for differences in power and economic capacities of different countries. The last 20 minutes are questions and answers.
Ha-Joon Chang - Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism
Approaching the law of nature that determines all forms of economy. The bulk of economic theory addresses the economic process by setting out on a catalogue of aspects, seeking the laws in the aspects and hoping to get together a reliable view of the whole.
Economic theory, methodology, and secure foundations
If there’s one method economists have neglected the most, it’s qualitative research. Whereas economists favour mathematical models and statistics, qualitative research seeks to understand the world through intensive investigation of particular circumstances, which usually entails interviewing people directly about their experiences. While this may sound simple to quantitative types the style, purpose, context, and interpretation of an interview can vary widely. Because of this variety, I have written a longer post than usual on this topic rather than doing it a disservice. Having said that, examples of qualitative research in economics are sadly scant enough that it doesn’t warrant multiple posts. In this post I will introduce qualitative research in general with nods to several applications including the study of firm behaviour, race, Austrian economics, and health economics. More than usual I will utilise block quotes, which I feel is in the spirit of the topic.
Qualitative Methods in Economics: "You Can Observe a Lot Just by Watching"
This section includes selected content from Post-Colonialisms Today - a research and advocacy project recovering insights from the immediate post-independence period in Africa, and mobilizing them through a feminist lens to address contemporary challenges. You will find additional content at postcolonialisms.regionsrefocus.org.
Contributions from Post-Colonialisms Today
How did the industrialized nations of North America and Europe come to be seen as the appropriate models for post-World War II societies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America? How did the postwar discourse on development actually create the so-called Third World? And what will happen when development ideology collapses? To answer these questions, Arturo Escobar shows how development policies became mechanisms of control that were just as pervasive and effective as their colonial counterparts.
Encountering Development
Since 2007, central banks of industrialized countries have counteracted financial instability, recession, and deflationary risks with unprecedented monetary policy operations. While generally regarded as successful, these measures also led to an exceptional increase in the size of central bank balance sheets. The book first introduces the subject by explaining monetary policy operations in normal times, including the key instruments (open market operations, standing facilities, reserve requirements, and the collateral framework).
Monetary Policy Operations and the Financial System
Reflecting his own concerns about the contribution economics could make to the betterment of society, Eli Ginzberg published this study of Smith's humanitarian views on commerce, industrialism, and labor. Written for his doctoral degree at Columbia University, and originally published as The House of Adam Smith, the book is divided into two parts.
Adam Smith and the Founding of Market Economics
Die Kernthese der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, dass die globalen Umweltprobleme durch wirtschaftliche Entwicklung gelöst werden müssen und können, nicht durch mehr, nicht durch weniger oder gar kein Wachstum und auch nicht durch Schrumpfung. Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ist der typische Reproduktionsmodus einer Kapitalverwertungswirtschaft.
Ökokapital. Bedingungen der Möglichkeit eines neuen Regimes wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung.
Die Disziplin der Wirtschaftswissenschaften nutzt im Bereich der Verhaltensökonomik häufig experimentelle Spiele, um das menschliche Verhalten zu untersuchen, wie z.B. das Diktatorspiel. Mithilfe postkolonialer Analysemethoden untersucht dieser Essay am Beispiel eines bekannten Aufsatzes der Verhaltensökonomik von Henrich et al. 2001 zu indigenen Gemeinschaften, wie Wissen über menschliches Verhalten in wirtschaftlichen Kontexten konstruiert und kategorisiert wird.
Postkoloniale Kritik der Verhaltensökonomik
An essay of the writing workshop on contemporary issues in the field of Nigerian economics: In Nigeria, it appears that there is nothing in the constitution, which excludes the participation of women in politics. Yet, when it comes to actual practice, there is extensive discrimination. The under-representation of women in political participation gained root due to the patriarchal practice inherent in our society, much of which were obvious from pre-colonial era till date.
Women Participation – Women Contribution to Economics and Politics
Der Umbau zu einer nachhaltigen, CO2-armen und solidarischen Ökonomie erfordert besonders in der Transformationsphase massive Investitionen sowohl in Institutionen und Infrastrukturen, die ein sozial gerechtes Leben für alle ermöglichen (ökologische Landwirtschaft, dezentrale erneuerbare Energien, ökologisches Wohnen, kollektive Mobilität etc.) als auch in Projekte zur Anpassung an und Entschärfung von Klimawandel und ökologischen Zerstörungen sowie finanzielle Transfers vom globalen Norden in den globalen Süden, die aus der historisch angehäuften Klimaschuld folgen.
Revolutionäre Realpolitik jenseits des Wachstums
Oft werden Universitäten mit neutraler Wissenschaft verbunden und das von Dozierenden vermittelte Wissen als Abbildung der Realität wahrgenommen. Nur selten ist es Gegenstand kritischer Auseinandersetzungen. Wissenschaft findet jedoch in keinem neutralen Raum statt, sondern ist von Machtstrukturen und somit auch oft von diskriminierenden Denkweisen geprägt. Genau hier setzt unser Projekt an, mit dem wir einen Beitrag zur kritischen, interdisziplinären Auseinandersetzung mit Rassifizierung und Diskriminierung an der Universität Bayreuth und darüber hinaus leisten wollen. Unser Interesse am Thema Rassifizierung im Kontext universitärer Lehre und Forschung entstammt dabei der kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den Lehrinhalten der Vorlesung „Ökonomik der Entwicklungsländer“ von Prof. Dr. Martin Leschke sowie mit dem begleitenden Lehrbuch „Ökonomik der Entwicklung – Eine Einführung aus institutionenökonomischer Sicht“. Als uns Themen und Begriffe auffielen, die unserer Einschätzung nach in ihrer Verwendung nicht dem aktuellen Umgang mit postkolonialen Machtverhältnissen und Eurozentrismus entsprachen, kam uns die Idee, eine kritische Begleitschrift zu besagtem Lehrbuch zu verfassen.
Ökonomik der Entwicklung: Analyse und Kritik aus postkolonialer Perspektive
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