425 results

This Blog Post describes the U.S. federal reserve money system from the perspective of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). Therefore it presents a theory of money creation, gives simple examples how this influences the economy and the historical process of why the monetary system of the US has developed this way.
2019
Level: débutant
An Introduction in the Federal Reserve Money system
Currency hierarchy and policy space: A research agenda for development economics Barbara Fritz
2017
Level: avancé
Currency hierarchy and policy space
Richard Werner touches on a number of topics in this Odd Lots Podcast episode. As one of the pioneers when it comes to money and credit creation, he gives interesting insights into his early research on this topic. He then explains what he calls the “Quantity Theory of Credit” and is an alternative to the "Quantity Theory of Money".
2020
Level: avancé
Japanification, Quantitative Easing, money creation and Re-Igniting the U.S. Economy
An essay of the writing workshop on Nigeria’s Readiness for and the Effect of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
2020
Level: avancé
The Role of Women in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
By conducting a discourse analysis (SKAD) in the field of academic economics textbooks, this paper aims at reconstructing frames and identity options offered to undergraduate students relating to the questions ‘Why study economics?’ and ‘Who do I become by studying economics?’. The analysis showed three major frames and respective identity offerings, all of which are contextualized theoretically, with prominent reference to the Foucauldian reflection of the science of Political Economy. Surprisingly, none of them encourages the student to think critically, as could have been expected in a pedagogical context. Taken together, economics textbooks appear as a “total structure of actions brought to bear upon possible action” (Foucault), therefore, as a genuine example of Foucauldian power structures.
2019
Level: débutant
The power of economic textbooks: A discourse analysis
This module examines current socio-political issues through the lens of pluralism, that is pluralism of theory, pluralism of method and interdisciplinary pluralism
2020
Level: débutant
Pluralist Economic Analysis
"First published more than a decade ago, Globalizing Capital has remained an indispensable part of economic literature. This classic book emphasizes the importance of the international monetary system for understanding the international economy. The second edition, published in October 2008, has consistently appeared on syllabuses since its release
2019
Level: avancé
Globalizing Capital
In this article, Perry Mehrling, a professor of economics at Barnard College, presents and discusses three theories of banking which are guiding bank regulation. These are credit creation theory, fractional reserve theory and debt intermediation theory.
2016
Level: avancé
Central Bank theories of Banking and Money
Nathan Tankus created this series to introduce people outside of the inner financial circles of professionals, journalists and policymakers to the basic mechanisms and dynamics of monetary policy.
2020
Level: avancé
Monetary Policy 101
The principle of effective demand, and the claim of its validity for a monetary production economy in the short and in the long run, is the core of heterodox macroeconomics, as currently found in all the different strands of post-Keynesian economics (Fundamentalists, Kaleckians, Sraffians, Kaldorians, Institutionalists) and also in some strands of neo-Marxian economics, particularly in the monopoly capitalism and underconsumptionist school In this contribution, we will therefore outline the foundations of the principle of effective demand and its relationship with the respective notion of a capitalist or a monetary production economy in the works of Marx, Kalecki and Keynes. Then we will deal with heterodox short-run macroeconomics and it will provide a simple short-run model which is built on the principle of effective demand, as well as on distribution conflict between different social groups (or classes): rentiers, managers and workers. Finally, we will move to the long run and we will review the integration of the principle of effective demand into heterodox/post-Keynesian approaches towards distribution and growth.
2015
Level: avancé
The principle of effective demand: Marx, Kalecki, Keynes and beyond
Dans cette interview Adrien de Tricornot reçoit Jezabel Couppey Soubeyran maîtresse de conférences à l Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne professeure associée à l école d économie de Paris et conseillère scientifique de l Institut Veblen pour parler de la politique monétaire au service de tous Jezabel Couppey Soubeyran explique …
2020
Level: débutant
Un drone monétaire pour stimuler l'économie de la zone euro
Central banks have once again proven to be the first line of defense in crisis-ridden times. With their far reaching actions they prevented the world from experiencing a collapse of financial markets on top of the severe health and economic crisis caused by Covid-19.
2021
Level: avancé
NextGen Central Banking: Central Banking and Climate change - A new era of monetary financing?
Post-Colonialisms Today researcher Chafik Ben Rouine looks to Tunisia’s post-independence central banking method to provide insight on what progressive monetary policy can look like.
2020
Level: débutant
Monetary Policy for Development, During and Beyond Crisis
Exploring Economics, an open-access e-learning platform, giving you the opportunity to discover & study a variety of economic theories, topics, and methods.
2021
Level: débutant
The Political Economy of Inequalities
The Covid-19 pandemic has laid bare the deep structural rifts in modern capitalist economies. It has exposed and exacerbated the long-lasting systemic inequalities in income, wealth, healthcare, housing, and other aspects of economic success across a variety of dimensions including class, gender, race, regions, and nations. This workshop explores the causes of economic inequality in contemporary capitalist economies and its consequences for the economy and society in the post-pandemic reality, as well as what steps can be taken to alleviate economic inequality in the future. Drawing from a variety of theoretical and interdisciplinary insights, the workshop encourages you to reflect on your personal experiences of inequality and aims to challenge the way in which the issue is typically approached in economics.
2022
Level: débutant
Inequality in the Post-pandemic Era
Usually, Critical Theory and Economics are, for better or worse, no longer seen to be in a continuum. This article by Lukas Meisner serves as an introduction to Critical Theory for all (heterodox) economists, who want to understand and explain what they can, otherwise, just state and describe.
2024
Level: débutant
Critical Theory for Heterodox Economists: Questioning the Premises of Supply and Demand
This introductory text explores the political economy of water by defining the subject and examining its key issues.
2025
Level: débutant
The political economy of water
Dans cette vidéo, Éric Monnet, lauréat du Prix du meilleur jeune économiste 2022, se penche sur le rôle des institutions financières durant les périodes de crises économiques.
2022
Level: débutant
Éric Monnet (Meilleur jeune économiste 2022) : Le rôle des banques centrales dans l'économie
Environmental cost-benefit analysis was developed by economists in the belief that monetary valuation of the environmental repercussions of economic activity is essential if the "environment " stands any chance of being included in government and business decisions.
2006
Level: avancé
Alternatives for Environmental Valuation
Wealth inequality between Black and white people in the US barely has changed in the last 150 years. In her book "The Color of Money. Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap" Mehrsa Baradaran, analyzes why also Black banks have not successfully changed this and not enabled Black wealth on a broader scale.
2017
Level: avancé
The Color of Money
Neoclassical economics focuses on the allocation of scarce resources. Economic analysis is mainly concerned with determining the efficient allocation of resources in order to increase welfare.
Neoclassical Economics
L’économie néoclassique se focalise sur l’attribution des ressources dans un contexte de rareté. L’analyse économique vise essentiellement à déterminer l’attribution la plus efficace des ressources en vue d‘accroître le bien-être.
Économie néoclassique
What does decolonising economics mean? Eurocentrism continues to shape the discipline of economics, leading to inaccurate theories that frame Europe’s development as a universal model.
2025
Level: débutant
Decolonising economics: An illustration of the informal economy
The video presents different ways of how to measure the money supply and thereby explains the differences between M0, M1 and M2.
2012
Level: débutant
Money supply: M0, M1, and M2 | The monetary system
A comprehensive account of how government deficits and debt drive inflation
2023
Level: avancé
The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level
This book discloses the economic foundations of European fiscal and monetary policies by introducing readers to an array of alternative approaches in economics. It presents various heterodox theories put forward by classical economists, Marx, Sraffa and Keynes, as a coherent challenge to neoclassical theory.
2020
Level: avancé
Heterodox Challenges in Economics
Colonialism persists in many African countries due to the continuation of imperial monetary policy. This is the little-known account of the CFA Franc and economic imperialism.
2021
Level: débutant
Africa's Last Colonial Currency
This dossier gives an overview of the functions and the nature of money. The concept of Islamic finance is briefly explored, too.
2015
Level: débutant
The Nature of Money
This essay draws on several analyses on the gender impact of the recession and of austerity policies, in which authors acknowledge a threat to women’s labour market integration and a potential backlash to traditional gender labour structures. We contribute to that literature by asking whether recession and austerity convey a gender effect on educational attainment. Our aim in this essay is to portray the likely effects of austerity measures on gender equality with a focus on women’s participation in tertiary education and to hypothesize the implications of these scenarios for labour market effects, to be tested in future empirical research.
2017
Level: débutant
The impact of Austerity on Gender in Tertiary Education: A Theoretical Analysis
Ce court article présente une approche de la monnaie comme élément actif - et non pas neutre - dans l'économie. Après avoir défendu l'idée que que la monnaie et le système monétaire sont à la fois cause du développement économique et de son effondrement, cet article présente un sept manières alternatives de concevoir cet objet.
2015
Level: débutant
Pour la démocratie monétaire
Quinn Slobodian a historian of modern Germany and international history analysis of current development in the Mont Pèlerin Society and therefore neo-liberalism. He sees neo-liberalist thinkers less as believers in the self-healing power of markets, but more as ordo-liberal Globalists who wanted to protect the markets from post-war politics and especially mass democracy. Their goal of global capitalism is still strong, however sceptics in the Mont Pèlerin Society are rising, which see international migration as a threat to Globalisation. Therefore, turning neo-liberal policies away from international institutions like the EU back towards the national states as new defenders of the markets as well as international trade and investments. (A development which can be seen in the Friedrich A. von Hayek-Gesellschaft and especially in the "liberal" wing of the German rightwing populist party AfD)
2019
Level: avancé
Neo-liberal Globalism and the Backlash from Within
As part of the 2019/2020 Exploring Economics Experience, one of our supporters Prof. Steve Keen gave a presentation to our editorial team. Read more
2020
Level: expert
The foundations of monetary macroeconomics - Steve Keen | Exploring Economics Global Lecture

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Ce projet est le fruit du travail des membres du réseau international pour le pluralisme en économie, dans la sphère germanophone (Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik e.V.) et dans la sphère francophone (Rethinking Economics Switzerland / Rethinking Economics Belgium / PEPS-Économie France). Nous sommes fortement attachés à notre indépendance et à notre diversité et vos dons permettent de le rester ! 

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