An Introduction to the Political Theory of John Maynard Keynes

Das Studium der Volkswirtschaftslehre bietet einen Einblick in den Maschinenraum derjenigen Wissenschaft, welche eigentlich die Funktionsweise unserer Wirtschaft untersuchen sollte. Leider bleibt es jedoch dabei: Die Student*in lernt wenig darüber, wie das Wirtschaften als komplexes Zusammenspiel verschiedener Beteiligter tatsächlich funktioniert oder funktionieren könnte. Ein Beitrag von Jörn Schirok.

The definition of a chi-square distribution is given. Chi-square is defined as the sum of random normally distributed variables (mean=0, variance=s.d.=1). The number of added squared variables is equal to the degrees of freedom. With more degrees of freedom the probability of larger chi-square values is increased.

The principle of effective demand, and the claim of its validity for a monetary production economy in the short and in the long run, is the core of heterodox macroeconomics, as currently found in all the different strands of post-Keynesian economics (Fundamentalists, Kaleckians, Sraffians, Kaldorians, Institutionalists) and also in some strands of neo-Marxian economics, particularly in the monopoly capitalism and underconsumptionist school In this contribution, we will therefore outline the foundations of the principle of effective demand and its relationship with the respective notion of a capitalist or a monetary production economy in the works of Marx, Kalecki and Keynes. Then we will deal with heterodox short-run macroeconomics and it will provide a simple short-run model which is built on the principle of effective demand, as well as on distribution conflict between different social groups (or classes): rentiers, managers and workers. Finally, we will move to the long run and we will review the integration of the principle of effective demand into heterodox/post-Keynesian approaches towards distribution and growth.

Die sozial-ökologische Krisen unserer Zeit machen deutlich: Suffizienz als Schlüsselprinzip politischen Handelns ist notwendig. Jedoch sind die Auswirkungen tiefgreifender Suffizienzpolitik auf unsere Ökonomie bisher zu wenig verstanden.